La Ilustración, va a decir de forma famosa Kant, supone la salida del hombre de su "autoculpable" minoría de edad. Y su lema es el complemento perfecto de la humildad del Sócrates del "Sólo sé que no sé nada": el coraje del ignorante se rebela contra la ignorancia, las "cadenas" a las que se refería Platón. Porque de nada sirve el "Pienso luego existo" de Descartes si inmediatamente -por pereza, cobardía o simple estupidez- no nos ponemos a pensar: Sapere aude!
Esquema del contexto histórico y cultural realizado por Raquel Lama.
PD. Sobre el contrato social, hemos mencionado la teoría:
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, Chapter 13: The natural condition of mankind as concerning their happiness and misery
"In such conditions there is no place for hard work, because there is no assurance that it will yield results; and consequently no cultivation of the earth, no navigation or use of materials that can be imported by sea, no construction of large buildings, no machines for moving things that require much force, no knowledge of the face of the earth, no account of time, no practical skills, no literature or scholarship, no society; and—worst of all—continual fear and danger of violent death, and the life of man solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."
y la práctica
Thomas Jefferson, United States Declaration of Independence, 1776:
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."
PD. Woody Allen se burla de Hobbes al inicio de Annie Hall